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Cartilage injury

Overview

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Knee cartilage injury refers to damage or injury to the cartilage in the knee joint. The knee joint consists of different types of cartilage, including articular cartilage, meniscus cartilage, and patellar cartilage. These types of cartilage play a vital role in joint movement, shock absorption, and stability.

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Causes & Symptoms

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Understanding types of cartilage injuries and its causes.

  • Articular Cartilage Injury: Articular cartilage injuries can occur due to trauma, repetitive stress, degenerative conditions, or underlying joint disorders. Common causes include sports-related injuries, such as direct blows, twisting, or pivoting movements, as well as age-related wear and tear.
  • Meniscus Tear: Meniscus tears are commonly caused by twisting or rotational forces applied to the knee joint, often occurring during sports activities or traumatic injuries.
  • Patellar Cartilage Injury: Patellar cartilage injuries, such as chondromalacia patellae, can result from overuse, malalignment, muscle imbalances, or repetitive stress on the knee joint.
  • Osteochondral Injury: They can occur due to traumatic events, such as fractures or impact injuries, or as a result of repeated microtrauma.

pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, instability, popping or clicking sensation, difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee & difficulty with activities like stair climbing or prolonged sitting.

Diagnosis and Treatment

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Diagnosis of knee cartilage injuries typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or arthroscopy. treatment options may include:

  • Non-surgical interventions: Conservative approaches include rest, activity modification, physical therapy, pain management, and the use of assistive devices. These measures aim to alleviate symptoms, improve joint function, and promote healing.
  • Surgical interventions: In more severe or persistent cases, surgical interventions may be recommended. These can involve procedures such as arthroscopy, meniscus repair or trimming, articular cartilage restoration techniques (e.g., microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation), or, in advanced cases, joint replacement surgery.

Post operative care

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Rehabilitation and physical therapy are often integral to the recovery process for knee cartilage injuries. They focus on strengthening the surrounding muscles, improving joint stability, restoring range of motion, and enhancing overall knee function.